Cebolla
Allium cepa
De un vistazo
Una verdura de raíz con bulbos aromáticos. Las cebollas son un ingrediente básico en muchas cocinas del mundo.
Calendario de plantación y cosecha
Etapas de crecimiento
De la semilla a la cosecha
Inicio de semillas
Días 0–14
Las semillas se siembran en interior, en bandejas planas o de alvéolos, 10-12 semanas antes del trasplante. Aparecen brotes finos y parecidos a briznas de hierba en 7-10 días. La germinación es lenta y desigual comparada con la mayoría de las hortalizas.
💡 Consejo de cuidado
Mantén el suelo constantemente húmedo a 18-24°C. Proporciona 12-14 horas diarias de luz de cultivo en cuanto aparezcan los brotes. Recorta las puntas a 10 cm cuando se tumben para fomentar tallos gruesos.
Onion seedlings growing indoors under lights before transplanting
Calendario de cuidado mensual
Qué hacer cada mes para tu Cebolla
Mayo
Mes actualSide-dress with nitrogen fertilizer every 2-3 weeks during active leaf growth. Maintain weed-free beds — shallow cultivation is safest to avoid damaging the roots. Water consistently with 2.5 cm per week. Scout for thrips.
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Datos fascinantes sobre Cebolla
Ancient Egyptians revered onions as symbols of eternity because of their concentric circle structure — onions have been found in the eye sockets of mummified pharaohs, including Ramesses IV.
Plante cebollas a principios de primavera tan pronto como el suelo sea trabajable. Use conjuntos o plantas. Espacie 10-15 cm aparte, 2,5 cm de profundidad.
Las cebollas necesitan suelo bien drenado y humedad constante. No fertilice en exceso con nitrógeno.
Well-spaced onion rows in a weed-free garden bed for best bulb sizing
The onion is one of the oldest cultivated vegetables, with origins that trace back over 5,000 years to central Asia — likely in the region of modern-day Iran and western Pakistan. Wild onions grew across a vast range from Palestine to India, and multiple cultures appear to have domesticated them independently. Their ease of transport, long storage life, and ability to grow in diverse climates made onions one of the first crops to spread along early trade routes. Archaeological evidence shows onion cultivation in ancient Egypt by 3500 BC, where they held both culinary and spiritual significance.
In ancient Egypt, onions were objects of worship — their concentric ring structure was seen as a symbol of eternal life, and they appear frequently in tomb paintings and burial offerings. Egyptian laborers building the pyramids were fed large quantities of onions, garlic, and radishes to maintain their strength. The Romans brought onions throughout their empire, and the vegetable became a staple across Europe during the Middle Ages, when onions were among the three main vegetables (along with beans and cabbage) that sustained the common population. They were so valued that they served as currency for rent payments and were given as gifts.
Spanish explorers introduced onions to the Americas in the early 1500s, where they quickly naturalized and became essential to New World cuisines. Today, onions are the second most widely grown horticultural crop in the world after tomatoes, with global production exceeding 100 million tonnes annually. They appear in virtually every cuisine on earth — from Indian curries and Mexican salsas to French onion soup and Japanese tempura — a testament to their extraordinary versatility and universal appeal.
Plante conjuntos o plantas en primavera. Las semillas pueden iniciarse en interiores.
Suelo bien drenado con pH 6,0-7,0. Incorpore compost.
Verifica Tu Zona
Verifica si Cebolla es adecuado para tu ubicación.
13°C – 24°C
55°F – 75°F
Onions are cool-season crops that grow best at 13-24°C (55-75°F). They tolerate light frost as transplants and even brief dips to -6°C (21°F) once established, but prolonged cold below 10°C on young plants triggers bolting. Bulb formation is triggered primarily by day length rather than temperature. High temperatures above 30°C (86°F) slow growth and can cause premature dormancy.
Problemas comunes que afectan a Cebolla y cómo prevenirlos y tratarlos de forma orgánica.
Pudrición por exceso de humedad. Cuellos gruesos por exceso de nitrógeno.
- 1Choosing the correct day-length type for your latitude is the single most important decision for onion success. Short-day varieties (below 35°N), intermediate-day (35-38°N), and long-day (above 38°N) — planting the wrong type guarantees tiny bulbs or no bulbing at all.
- 2Start seeds indoors 10-12 weeks before transplanting for the widest variety selection and strongest plants. Trim seedling tops to 10 cm whenever they get floppy — this is the secret to producing thick, sturdy transplants that establish quickly.
- 3Onions are extremely poor competitors against weeds due to their shallow root system and narrow upright leaves that cast almost no shade. Keep beds immaculately weed-free through the entire growing season — even moderate weed pressure reduces yields by 50% or more.
- 4Each green leaf on the plant corresponds to exactly one ring in the mature bulb. Maximize leaf production through consistent nitrogen feeding every 2-3 weeks during the vegetative phase — more leaves means bigger onions.
- 5Stop all nitrogen fertilization and reduce watering once bulbs begin swelling above the soil. Continued nitrogen at this stage produces thick, soft necks that resist curing and rot in storage.
- 6Water consistently with 2.5 cm per week during active growth. Onions have shallow roots concentrated in the top 15 cm of soil and dry out quickly. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses are ideal — avoid overhead watering which promotes foliar disease.
- 7For the best storage onions, let tops fall over naturally before harvesting. Cure thoroughly for 2-3 weeks in a warm, dry, ventilated area. Only store bulbs with completely dry, papery necks.
- 8Rotate onion beds on a 3-4 year cycle to prevent buildup of soil-borne diseases like white rot, pink root, and Fusarium basal rot. Never plant alliums (onion, garlic, leek, shallot) in the same spot in consecutive years.
Coseche cebollas cuando el follaje se cae y se vuelve marrón. Deje secar antes de almacenar.
Onions pulled and laid on the soil surface to begin curing
Almacene en lugar fresco y seco. Pueden congelarse o secarse.
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Información nutricional
Por porción de 100g
40
Calorías
Beneficios para la salud
- One of the richest dietary sources of quercetin, a powerful flavonoid antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antihistamine properties
- Contains prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) that feed beneficial gut bacteria and support digestive health
- Sulfur compounds including allicin have documented antimicrobial and cardiovascular benefits
- Provides chromium, a trace mineral that helps cells respond to insulin and supports blood sugar regulation
- Low calorie density with high nutrient value — only 40 calories per 100g while providing meaningful vitamins and minerals
- Contains folate (vitamin B9), important for cell division and particularly critical during pregnancy
💰 ¿Por qué cultivar tus propios?
A packet of 200+ onion seeds costs $3-5 and can produce 150+ onions worth $75-150 at grocery store prices, where individual onions sell for $0.50-1.00 each. Growing from sets is slightly more expensive ($5-8 per 50 sets) but still delivers outstanding value. Home-grown onions also store for 6-10 months, providing nearly year-round self-sufficiency from a single spring planting — one of the best cost-to-value ratios in the entire vegetable garden.
Each ring of the bulb corresponds to one leaf the plant produced
Recetas rápidas
Recetas sencillas con Cebolla frescos
Classic French Onion Soup
60 minDeeply caramelized onions simmered in rich beef broth, ladled into oven-safe bowls, topped with crusty bread and melted Gruyere cheese. The long, slow caramelization brings out the natural sweetness of the onions.
Quick-Pickled Red Onions
15 minThinly sliced red onions marinated in a tangy vinegar brine. Ready in 30 minutes and perfect for tacos, sandwiches, salads, and grain bowls. Keeps for 2-3 weeks refrigerated.
Caramelized Onion Tart
50 minButtery puff pastry topped with slow-cooked caramelized onions, tangy goat cheese, and fresh thyme. An elegant appetizer or light meal that showcases the transformative sweetness of properly caramelized onions.
French onion soup — a timeless showcase for caramelized onions
Calculadora de Rendimiento y Espaciado
Vea cuántas plantas de Cebolla caben en su cama de jardín basándose en el espaciado recomendado de 15cm.
64
Cebolla plantas en una cama de 4×4 ft
8 columnas × 8 filas a 15cm de espaciado
Variedades populares
Algunas de las variedades de cebolla más populares para jardineros caseros, cada una con características únicas.
Stuttgarter
Cebolla amarilla clásica, buena para almacenar.
Red Baron
Cebolla roja con sabor suave.
Cruda en ensaladas, cocida en sopas, salteada o caramelizada.
¿Cuándo debo plantar Cebolla?
Planta Cebolla en Marzo, Abril. Toma aproximadamente 100 días para madurar, con cosecha típicamente en Julio, Agosto, Septiembre.
¿Cuáles son buenas plantas acompañantes para Cebolla?
Cebolla crece bien junto a Zanahoria, Lechuga, Remolacha, Repollo. El cultivo acompañante puede mejorar el crecimiento, sabor y control natural de plagas.
¿En qué zonas de rusticidad puede crecer Cebolla?
Cebolla prospera en zonas de rusticidad USDA 3 a 9. Con protección de invernadero, puede cultivarse en zonas 1 a 10.
¿Cuánto sol necesita Cebolla?
Cebolla requiere Sol completo (6-8h+). Esto significa al menos 6-8 horas de luz solar directa diaria.
¿A qué distancia debo espaciar Cebolla?
Espacia las plantas de Cebolla a 15cm (6 pulgadas) para crecimiento óptimo y circulación de aire.
¿Qué plagas y enfermedades afectan a Cebolla?
Los problemas comunes incluyen Mosca de la cebolla, Mildiú velloso. La prevención a través de buenas prácticas de jardinería como rotación de cultivos, espaciado adecuado y cultivo acompañante es el mejor enfoque. Consulta la sección de plagas y enfermedades para más detalles.
¿Cómo almaceno Cebolla después de la cosecha?
Almacene en lugar fresco y seco. Pueden congelarse o secarse.
¿Cuáles son las mejores variedades de Cebolla para cultivar?
Las variedades populares incluyen Stuttgarter, Red Baron. Cada una tiene características únicas adaptadas a diferentes condiciones de cultivo y preferencias culinarias. Consulta la sección de variedades para descripciones detalladas.
¿Qué suelo necesita Cebolla?
Suelo bien drenado con pH 6,0-7,0. Incorpore compost.
What is the difference between short-day, intermediate-day, and long-day onions?
Day-length type determines when the onion stops making leaves and starts forming a bulb. Short-day varieties (Vidalia, Texas 1015) begin bulbing at 10-12 hours of daylight and are suited for southern latitudes below 35°N. Intermediate-day types (Candy, Super Star) bulb at 12-14 hours for the middle latitudes (35-38°N). Long-day varieties (Copra, Walla Walla) need 14-16 hours and are grown in northern regions above 38°N. Planting the wrong type results in tiny bulbs or premature bolting.
Why did my onions bolt and send up flower stalks?
Bolting is triggered when young onion plants experience prolonged cold exposure — typically 10+ days below 10°C (50°F). This fools the plant into thinking it has gone through winter and needs to reproduce. To prevent bolting, avoid transplanting too early into cold soil, don't expose sets to freezing temperatures before planting, and choose bolt-resistant varieties. If stalks appear, cut them at the base immediately and use those bulbs first, as they won't store well.
How do I know when my onions are ready to harvest?
Onions signal their readiness when the tops begin yellowing, softening at the neck, and falling over naturally. When about half the tops have fallen, gently bend the remaining ones over at the neck. Wait 7-10 days, then loosen with a fork and lift. The bulbs should feel firm with tight outer skins. Don't wait until all tops are brown and dry — by that point, the protective outer layers may have deteriorated, reducing storage life.
Why are my onions so small?
Small bulbs most commonly result from planting the wrong day-length variety for your latitude, which is the number one mistake new onion growers make. Other causes include insufficient nitrogen during the leaf-growth phase, overcrowding without proper thinning, weed competition (onions are very poor competitors), and inadequate watering. Each green leaf equals one bulb ring, so maximizing healthy leaf growth through proper nutrition and weed control is key to big bulbs.
Can I grow onions in containers?
Yes, onions grow well in containers at least 25 cm (10 inches) deep with good drainage holes. Use quality potting mix and space bulbs 8-10 cm apart. Container onions need more frequent watering and regular liquid feeding every 2 weeks. Green onions (scallions) are especially well-suited to containers and can be grown year-round. Choose smaller varieties like 'Purplette' or 'White Lisbon' for best container results.
How long can I store onions, and which varieties store best?
Storage life depends heavily on the variety type. Pungent, firm-fleshed storage varieties like Copra, Patterson, and Redwing can last 6-10 months when properly cured and stored at 0-4°C (32-40°F) with low humidity and good airflow. Sweet, mild varieties like Walla Walla and Vidalia store for only 1-2 months because their lower sulfur content provides less natural preservation. Always cure onions for 2-3 weeks before storage, and check monthly for any soft or sprouting bulbs.
¿Listo para cultivar Cebolla?
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Vladimir Kusnezow
Jardinero y desarrollador de software
Jardinero de zona 6b. Cultivo hortalizas y frutas en tierra e hidroponía desde hace 6 años. Creé PlotMyGarden para planificar mis propios jardines.
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